ODFI Files
ACH operates with a bi-directional set of messages. There are several message types which come from your ODFI (or the Federal Reserve) defined by Nacha: Corrections (NOCs), Returns and pre-notes. Moov has identified two additional message types used in lots of ACH implementations, such as incoming files, and reconciliations. All of these messages are defined in the models package.
CorrectionFile: Nacha defined “Notification of Change” (NOC) batches and entries. Think EntryDetails and Addenda98s.IncomingFile: ACH files coming from other FIs. Often to debit accounts you’re the processor for.PrenoteFile: Nacha defined account verification method.ReconciliationFile: Partial ACH files containing Batch header/trailer blocks with EntryDetails records. Used to signify balance clearing and settlement.ReturnFile: Nacha defined Return batches and entries. Think EntryDetails and Addenda99s
Correction File
Correction Files (NOCs) are files with “Notification of Change” entries within them. These are used to advise originators of data updates. Often RDFI’s send these to notify originators about account/routing number changes, individual name updates, or other data to update. Debits and Credits still post to their respective accounts. For more details refer to the moov-io/ach page for Corrections.
Notes: Schema for CorrectionFile
Incoming File
Many implementations will receive ACH files from other originators that impact the bank accounts the implementation controls. These are often specific to your use-case, risk, and business. By default this processor will produce an event for each file encountered, but files containing corrections, pre-notes, returns, or reconciliations can be excluded. Some vendors/ODFIs consolidate all incoming entries in a single file and others distribute separate files.
Notes: Schema for IncomingFile
Prenote File
Nacha has defined a “prenote” as a zero-dollar EntryDetail used to verify an account exists and is authorized to be transacted with. Not every vendor or FI supports prenotes.
Notes: Schema for PrenoteFile
Reconciliation File
Reconciliation files is a term defined with ACHGateway to signify a partial ACH file used to signify balance clearing and settlement. Often ODFIs can deliver credit/debit entries which correspond to balance activity on accounts at the ODFI. Not every vendor or FI supports reconciliation files.
Notes: Schema for ReconciliationFile
Return File
Returns are Nacha defined Entry Detail records that have failed to post against the given account/routing number. There are lots of return codes used to indicate specific reasons. For more details refer to the moov-io/ach page on Returns.
Notes: Schema for ReturnFile
Further Considerations
Kafka topics need to be created outside of ACHGateway. Consider your needs around partitions, retention, and checkpointing when creating topics.